Tim O Briens The Things They Carried - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1822 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Things They Carried Essay Did you like this example? 1945 was a difficult time for America. There were so many people still recovering from World War II, and now the Vietnam War was starting. The Things They Carried told a story of how the war changed a person, in this case, it was Tim OBrien. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tim O Briens The Things They Carried" essay for you Create order It showed the struggle he, and many soldiers in any war went through to be able to overcome the grief and the struggle to deal with death. In this time young men were being drafted into the Vietnam War. For example, in The The Things Carried By Tim OBrien, the protagonist in his book was being drafted into the war but tried to run from it. After he tried to run from his fate he realized he was not able to. This was just the start of The Vietnam War. For example Tim OBrien and his friends and comrades in the war. He was able to paint pictures through his words being able to let the reader feel like they are there with him. Tim OBriens book The Things They Carried explained in detail how the war affected the soldiers and those around them. Tim OBrien allows the audience to feel this emotion better by writing this book as fiction. The government also had a hand in the Vietnam war as well. The American involvement in Vietnam was shaped based on the Cold War. Even though his book is ficti on, in some ways that can have an advantage in explaining the war. Tim OBrien the narrator is telling a story about the participation he had in the war. A lot of symbolism in Tim OBriens book helped us see what he went through, even though he himself did not go through it, this is the reason that a fiction story hooked the reader and gave the reader more information than a nonfiction story can. Tim OBrien brings up about both the physical objects they carry but also they have to carry their emotional burdens. The objects that each soldier carries serves as a symbol for what they are carrying in their minds. It just starts out with the title, The Things They Carried. Before reading the book one might think that it is just about what the soldiers carried in the war. Which in the beginning that what Tim OBrien is talking about. He lists every soldier, and what they carried on their backs throughout the war but this can mean something deeper if you look in between the lines. Each and every soldier carries physical baggage but the baggage they carry can represent their emotional baggage from the war. The items on their back were the psychological weight of the war. For example, Lieutenant Cross carried a picture of Martha to comfort him. He also carried a pebble that she sent ton lieutenant Cross that was a good luck charm. The quote Martha wrote that she has found the pebble on the Jersey shoreline, where the precisely where land touched water at high tide, where things came together but separated.(7). Just like now soldiers would carry pictures and mementos of their loved ones into war to comfort them for example now soldiers may carry pictures. The war had a big toll on soldiers especially when they come home. That emotional and psychological baggage may never go away. Another way the physical baggage they carried can symbolize that they lost their true identity and now they were looked just of what they carried on their backs. Another physical memento that a soldier in the book carries is when Henry Dobbins ties a pair of pantyhose from his girlfriend around his neck to help him remember the good memories he had before the war. Another way thee pantyhose can symbolize something is since while men are at war there is not much female intimacy that they got at home. Now soldiers are able to call their families and even see them. So, that was how they were able to get their female intimacy and a sense of confidence. for example, all the physical items that soldiers would carry becau se they have something to look forward to, and want to come home. Even though The Things They Carried is a fiction story it has many lessons that the reader can learn. Being a fiction story it is easier and tells everything how it is rather than a nonfiction story where the person writing it could be hiding facts back because they are scared of it. If a veteran would have written a story like this they may have blocked out a lot of important details that have happened because of PTSD and anxiety as well as depression. Fiction can also make it easier to explain horrible events in detail that no one that lived through it could. For example when Tim OBrien was explaining to his daughter about what he experienced when his daughter asked Daddy, tell the truth, Kathleen can say, did you ever kill anybody? And I can say, honestly, Of course not.(172) As Tim OBrien stated this quote In the chapter Good Form, OBrien used the quote that states, story -truth is truer sometimes than happening-truth. (171). After that he continued to explain how as he told these stories that are not true in reality, instead made the reader have the ability to sense that the feelings that it gave the reader a feeling that they are there even if the book is a work of fiction it would give the same sense if it was nonfiction, it gave the same message but not in the same context. Without using fiction some stories that are told would give the reader better knowledge than the real stories would. Fiction would not be completely sufficient for being able to bring the emotions that the soldiers were feeling during the war. Being able to catch someones attention was to main goal in Tim OBriens Book The Things They Carried of was able to create a story that was able to instantly grab the readers interest, it allowed the reader to become more involved and able to make an image and feel the emotions that were actually being felt at the time. Even though Tim OBriens work of fiction was not able to give a true and real story about Vietnam it was able to give Tim OBrien the ability to use that as an opportunity to use techniques like metaphors and symbolism to let the reader think for deeply about the situation. Fiction may seem like a story of lies, but in his work of fiction, it was positive because it was the only way to tell the real truth. When reading Tim OBriens story he made sure to have the reader ask little to no questions about the story, but instead, they became in touch with the emotion of the characters. Physical events that happened in the book had a major impact on how he explained the history of the Vietnam War. One of the first physical events that he pointed out was when he brought up the event of the puppy on the landmine on page thirty-five. He stated that one of his friends adopted an orphan puppy and took care of it by feeding it from a spoon. Then Ted Lavender came and took the puppy. Tim OBrien stated, Azar strapped the puppy to a Claymore anti-personnel mine and squeezed the firing device.(35). This event that he described had a deeper meaning when he was telling it. It symbolized the ability to make Azar have a sense of control in a time where it seemed that no one had control over anything, but he blamed it on his immaturity. Men today in the war still would have had a problem with how they felt during the war. This incident could have also meant that he was killing something innocence and purity just like the war did to him and his comrades in the war. Some other events that had more of a meaning than what was said at that moment in the book. The event that was mentioned was when before the war and he was trying to escape from being drafted in the war, and he went to a cabin in the Rainy River as he decided to stay there for a few months. Then he came to the realization that he could not escape the war. This was what many soldiers still felt in other, more modern wars. They tried to hide or flee the country, but in the end, they needed to serve their country. The event that made him realize that was on his last day at the cabin. The event was when the cabin owner, Elroy, took him up on the river towards Canada was whe4re Tim OBrien wanted to go. Tim OBrien said youre scared, and theres a hard squeezing pressure in your chest. What would you do? Would you jump? Would you feel pity for yourself?(54).One of the last and biggest events that happened was the Death of someone close to you can make you see everything in a different light. For Tim OBrien, this was the death of his first love Linda. The death of Linda represented the event that the past could be brought back through some sort of symbolism in his book. Linda was a classmate of OBriens, but she died of a brain tumor when they were in the fifth grade. This event symbolized OBriens faith that fiction storytelling was the best way to show those emotions. This event showed how he was able to deal with the pain, confusion, and most of all, the sadness that death was able to bring to him. Linda was OBriens first love and also his first experience with deaths random choice. He was able to retreat into his mind, more specifically his dreams. He was able to see Linda, alive. This showed that even though some things are just dreams which, later for Tim OBrien evolved into his story that the dead could be alive through those who remember them. The young Vietnam soldier hit Tim OBrien especially hard, like any first death on his own hands would do for a soldier. He was not completely clear if actually threw a grenade and killed My Khe, the way he described the mans death is descriptive his death. This symbolized the way humans guilt over how horrible events that happened in the war. In The Man I Killed, OBrien was able to distract himself from this event by speaking in the third person so he did not have to directly say what he did or not do. He did what many people did they would distract themselves from the memory. How Tim OBrien did this is by speaking in the third person and constructing fantasies as to what the man must have been like before he was killed.

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing ( Emdr ) And...

This paper will examine, compare and contrast Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in the case of Joe, a fictional client with post-traumatic stress disorder from two tours of combat duty as a Marine Corps sniper in the Middle East, without the use of psychotropic medications. EMDR uses side-to-side eye movements in a one-on-one session with a clinician while the client focuses on a distressing memory until he or she reports reduced symptomology or no psychological distress; the clinician then has the client think of positive thoughts while continuing the exercises. EMDR has been the target of debate over its effectiveness, with some scholars suggesting that it is the â€Å"rewiring† of the brain that is most beneficial. CPT is often used when other processes of recovery fail. Therapy, administered individually or in a group, initially focuses on misconstrued beliefs of denial and self-blame for the traumatic incident and then addresses beliefs the client has about himself and the world in general. CPT uses talk therapy and worksheets with the goal of the client learning to make sense of what happened and fit it in with the beliefs about themselves and others. Findings suggest that each therapy has its advantages and which is best depends on how responsive the client is to each mode and the therapeutic alliance between the client and therapist. A Comparison of EMDR and CPT with Presenting Problem of Post-Traumatic StressShow MoreRelatedExamining Effectiveness Of Treatment Strategies Used With Survivors Of Rape1357 Words   |  6 PagesExamining Effectiveness of Treatment Strategies Used With Survivors of Rape Therapy for survivors of rape is often difficult to obtain. 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PTSD will be summarised as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders edition 4 with revisions (DSM-IV-TR). The therapy models,

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 21 Free Essays

A warm breeze rustled the graveyard’s foliage as the Circle and Suzan’s father gathered for her burial. It was an impossibly sunny day, which only made Cassie feel guilty that she could enjoy it when Suzan couldn’t. Suzan had been such a lighthearted person, always able to find the fun in any situation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now How was it possible that they could all be standing here now beneath the bright sun, while Suzan would be buried beneath heavy black dirt? It wasn’t fair, and nothing anyone said would make sense of it. The graveyard was mostly flat, comprised of a few small ponds and crooked streams. The jagged coastline was visible in the distance to the east. To the west were wooded, rolling hills. And prevailing over all of it were the granite cliffs in the far north. This was a beautiful place. Why were such wonders made so much more visible by death and loss? Was that why tragedies happened? To open our eyes to the miraculous, to force us to appreciate joy? Only Deborah had the courage to say a brief eulogy over Suzan’s casket, to reach for a few words that might capture what the whole Circle was feeling. She cleared her throat and looked affectionately at Suzan’s father. â€Å"Suzan was easy to underestimate,† she said, and a few people giggled. â€Å"In fact, Suzan wanted you to underestimate her, so she could later surprise you with her wit and intelligence, her goodness, her generosity, and let’s not forget, her sarcasm. Beneath all her fancy clothes and makeup, Suzan was a pure soul.† Deborah was choking back tears now. â€Å"She was pure through and through. And we’re all going to miss her very much.† They all began to cry, but Faye was the most distraught of all. She could barely keep herself upright, she was so overcome with grief. To keep her sobbing from disrupting the ceremony, she staggered off to the side to lean against a barren tree. Cassie went to her. She approached her the way she would have approached an injured street cat, with carefulness and caution, fully prepared to back off if necessary. She tried putting her arm around her, but Faye immediately pushed her away. â€Å"I don’t want your pity. Just leave me alone.† â€Å"Faye,† Cassie said. â€Å"None of this is your fault. You can’t be blaming yourself.† Faye stared viciously at the ground. â€Å"It should have been me. I wish it was me in that box right now.† â€Å"Faye.† â€Å"No, Cassie. It’s easy for you to say it’s nobody’s fault. You saved the day. You’re the hero. But I’m the reason Suzan was on that roof to begin with. And then she threw herself in front of the killing curse to save me. So don’t stand there and try to make me feel better. I don’t deserve it.† Cassie could understand the sentiment. She didn’t want to feel better either. And if Faye wished to punish herself, there was nothing Cassie could do to convince her otherwise. She took a step closer to Faye but didn’t attempt to touch her this time. She just stood near her quietly and respectfully, hoping at the very least to make Faye feel less alone in her remorse. They watched the remainder of the service together from afar. After the casket was lowered into the ground, there was nothing left for anyone to do but file back to their cars. Cassie took Faye’s hand and guided her across the grass to the rest of the group. With her other hand, she reached for Adam. Together, the eleven of them walked solemnly across the graveyard, but Cassie felt as if each step took them further away from one another. This devastation had broken their bond and weakened their allegiance. Then Cassie looked down at her and Adam’s intertwined fingers. She willed it to be there. The silver cord. But nothing appeared. The town of New Salem oddly came to life around funerals. People Cassie had never even seen before poured into Suzan’s house with flowers and food for Suzan’s dad. He was polite, but dazed. It might take weeks for the reality of Suzan’s death to actually hit him. Cassie wished she could go to him now and offer him some kind of explanation for what had happened to his little girl. He must have so many questions. But Cassie restrained herself. It was probably better to leave those things unsaid. None of it really added up to an explanation anyhow. Diana huddled close to Cassie and whispered in her ear. â€Å"See those?† she said, pointing to a bouquet of lilies. â€Å"They’re from Max.† Cassie could see Diana was hurting. Not having Max nearby when she needed him the most couldn’t have been easy. This day would have been impossible for Cassie to endure without Adam. But then again, Adam wasn’t the Circle’s sworn enemy. Diana touched one of the lilies longingly. â€Å"I broke it off with him, you know.† Cassie tried not to appear relieved. â€Å"After what happened with Suzan, I realized how dangerous it really was,† Diana continued. â€Å"I told him I needed to stand with my Circle.† â€Å"And he’s okay with that?† â€Å"He doesn’t have a choice,† Diana said, but she gazed around the room as if she were still hoping Max might step inside at any moment. Cassie could relate. She had given up Adam once for the good of the Circle and her friendship with Diana. She searched her mind for the right thing to say. Max hadn’t been on the roof the night of their battle, so maybe he wasn’t so bad after all – maybe he was having second thoughts about being a hunter. But Cassie still couldn’t ignore the facts: It was Max who’d marked Faye. It was Max’s father who’d killed Suzan – Suzan, who they’d just buried less than an hour before. Cassie couldn’t help but be glad Diana had broken up with him, at least for the time being. â€Å"Look, Diana,† Cassie said. â€Å"None of us knows what the future holds. What’s going to happen between you and Max down the road isn’t something we can predict. But today, you have your friends. And we’re here for you – we have to be, now more than ever.† â€Å"You’re right. And I’m grateful. Believe me, I am.† Diana paused. â€Å"It’s just that sometimes I wish everything could just be normal. Do you know what I mean?† â€Å"Well,† Cassie said, looking over at Adam. He was greeting strangers at the door, thanking them for their casseroles and flowers, directing them toward the sitting room. He was always the helper, always the gentle knight. How could Cassie judge Diana harshly for choosing a complicated person to love, when she knew it was hardly a choice at all? â€Å"You know what I think?† Cassie put her arm around Diana and brought her in for a hug. â€Å"I think sometimes, normal is overrated.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 21, Essay examples

Refuge (When It’s Cold Outside) free essay sample

When listening to John Legend’s first album, Get Lifted, I always get the feeling of something new and inspirational. Like some rhythm and blues singers, John Legend songs provided his experiences and observations of love, life, and relationships. However his songs give the people new meanings and interpretations on love. Although most of the songs on John Legend’s first album are all related to any aspect of love or relationships, one of my favorites is â€Å"Refuge (When It’s Cold Outside)†. The name of the song will not seem at all related to love but if you listen to it then you will understand how love changes a person. By listening to Refuge, I feel as if love is a woman who is refuge. In the first two verses, there are emotions of sadness turning in to happiness. In the first verse John Legend sings about him praying for something brighter and new. We will write a custom essay sample on Refuge (When It’s Cold Outside) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Praying was his last hope. He prays for something better than what life is now which he describes is burdensome and where everyday is a rainy one. In the second verse everything suddenly changes as the clouds from the rain go away and an angel is sent down. The angel is a woman who clears away his troubles through love by changing him and his life. Also, the angel is the answer to his prayers for a brighter day. In the chorus John Legend compares the weather to how the woman makes him feel. In addition to the chorus there is a pre chorus. In the pre chorus he says, â€Å"You know and I know, friends come and friends go, storms rise and winds blow, but one thing I know for sure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the chorus and pre chorus, he compares the weather to how the angel makes him feel. The weather is a storm which is his sadness but now with his angel he feels peace and warmth while it is still cold outside. The angel brings him refuge from the storm by giving him her love, which is his warmth. Her love is what keeps him going and what makes everything alright for the both of them. John Legend believes the woman is what changed and distracts him from the outside world. Like the third verse, he describes how she makes him see visions of other places. In the final verse, John Legend sings of how hard the world is. He says â€Å"†¦peace is so hard to find, we’re terrorized and victimized, but that’s when I close my eyes, and think of you to ease my mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Peace is hard to find because of the wars that are happening but his life is changing. Now in his life he feels better about himself but he still thinks about the burdens of life. Additionally, John Legend closes his eyes to dream of her to relax and ease his mind so she can take him to another place that is peaceful and away from the wars where there is love and grace. In the beginning, he didn’t have a faith but now it is restored because of her and what she has done. His faith was gone because of how sad he was before he prayed. All he could do was pray and after his woman came down he no longer worries about the wars anymore. Also, John Legend felt like he was at peace with himself and the world now. Therefore, in the song â€Å"Refuge (When It’s Cold Outside)† the woman that John Legend believes changed his life is his refuge from the world through love. She gives him what he needs which are peace, warmth, love, and faith. He needed peace from this world instead of heartbreak. He needed warmth and love to bring him hope for something better and to keep him from going into the storm, which is really the burdens of life today. John Legend dreams of her to ease his mind off the pain from the world today. Throughout the whole song it all goes back to love. Not only is the angel he has received through his prayers is his answer but she gives me him her love and brightened his life from the storm and clouds.

The Choir Room free essay sample

This room is filled with old, uncomfortable plastic chairs. The linoleum floor is so faded and scratched that Im not sure which marks are part of the pattern and which are from the bottom of someones shoe. The whiteboard has the previous periods songs of the day and the occasional doodle if Mrs. Reed was in an expressive mood. The pianos chips and dings are covered by sheet music, worksheets, and whatever some absentminded student didnt remember yesterday. Angel and Marcos arrive out of breath, arguing over who was first. The rest of the group trickles in, some on time and some not, and the Monticellos are ready to start singing. Theres something about the choir room and the group that I sing with that takes me away from my typical anxious self and drops me into a state of tranquility. Perhaps it is because I dont have to take the derivative of anything when I sing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Choir Room or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Or that theres not an ecological hierarchy involved in the music. In the choir I can escape from the academic classroom, the social pressures of school, and my inner concerns. Everything else just seems less important compared to what would happen if I missed my entrance or started on the wrong note. The choir room is where I have the chance to let out the perfectionist in me. There are so many factors that must be just right in order to create a good performance; the timing, the notes, and even our facial expressions all contribute to the piece. When there are eight different notes sung in less than three seconds, none of us wants to mess up. It can throw the entire choir off for the rest of the piece, or even the concert. In the choir room, no one is the best. Everyone sings together as a group, and every single person is needed for the performance. No matter how good one person sounds, you need others to sing an attractive chord. My junior year, this group dynamic was especially important because there were only eight of us in the Monticellos. Ive always been anxious about everything, reasonably or unreasonably. I worry about how I look, how I perform in class, and seemingly everything else possible. This was true in the choir room too when I first joined freshman year. But now, going into senior year, I can sing in front of large groups and sing well. My heart no longer races before I belt out a tune or give a speech in class. I dont have to sit to collect myself after a solo during a concert. And Ive even gotten my teacher off my back by not scrunching my eyebrows during performances. The choir room may be old and dusty, but I will always remember it as a place of inspiration and fulfillment. I can close my eyes, picture the chipped black piano, sing one of the catchy songs, and return to that state of contentment.

A Biography of American Painter Andrew Wyeth

A Biography of American Painter Andrew Wyeth Born on July 12, 1917, in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, Andrew Wyeth was the youngest of five children born to illustrator N. C. Wyeth and his wife. Andrew came equipped with a bad hip and frequent bouts with illnesses, and parents decided that he was too fragile to attend school, so instead hired tutors. (Yes. Andrew Wyeth was  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹homeschooled.) While aspects of his  childhood were rather solitary, for the most part, life in the Wyeth home was filled with art, music, literature, storytelling, a never-ending succession of props and costumes that N. C. used to compose his paintings and, of course, the large Wyeth family. His Start in Art Andrew began drawing a very early age. N. C. (who taught many students, including daughters Henriette and Carolyn) wisely did not attempt to instruct Andy until hed reached the age of 15 and had some inkling of his own style. For two years, the younger Wyeth received rigorous academic training in draftsmanship and painting technique from his father. Turned loose from the studio Wyeth also turned his back on oils as a painting medium, choosing less-forgiving watercolors instead. Those familiar with later works are often surprised at his early wet brush numbers: quickly executed, broad strokes and full of color. N. C. was so enthusiastic about these early works that he showed them to Robert Macbeth, a New York City art dealer. No less enthusiastic, Macbeth staged a solo exhibition for Andrew. Most enthusiastic of all were the crowds who flocked to look and buy. The entire show sold within two days and, at the age of 20, Andrew Wyeth was a rising star in the art world. Turning Point Throughout his 20s Wyeth began painting more slowly, with greater attention to detail and composition, and less emphasis on color. He had learned to paint with egg tempera, and alternated between it and the dry brush watercolor method. His art underwent a dramatic shift after October 1945 when N. C. was struck and killed at a railway crossing. One of his two pillars in life (the other being wife Betsy) was goneand it showed in his paintings. Landscapes became more barren, their palettes muted, and the occasional figures that appeared seemed enigmatic, poignant and sentimental (an art-critical word the artist came to loathe). Wyeth later said that his fathers death made him, meaning that grief caused him to focus intensely, and forced him to paint with deep emotion going forward from the mid-1940s. Mature Work Though Wyeth did a lot of portraitures, he is best known for interiors, still lifes and landscapes in which figures are largely absent - Christinas World is the most notable exception. As the years passed his palette lightened up somewhat and late works contain hints of vibrant color. Certain art professionals decry Andrew Wyeths work as mediocre at best, even as a growing segment champions it. The Peoples Painters output is beloved by an overwhelming majority of art fans, though, and please know this as well: there are no artists who wouldnt have jumped at the chance to observe his working technique. Wyeth died on January 16, 2009, in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. According to a spokesperson, Mr. Wyeth died in his sleep, at his home, after an unspecified brief illness. Important Works Winter 1946, 1946Christinas World, 1948Groundhog Day, 1959Master Bedroom, 1965Magas Daughter, 1966Helga series, 1971-85Snow Hill, 1989 Quotes From Andrew Wyeth I prefer winter and fall when you feel the bone structure of the landscapethe loneliness of it, the dead feeling of winter. Something waits beneath it; the whole story doesnt show. If you display yourself completely, all your inner soul disappears. You have to keep something to your imagination, to yourself. I get letters from people about my work. The thing that pleases me most is that my work touches their feelings. In fact, they dont talk about the paintings. They end up telling me the story of their life or how their father died.

Public Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Authority - Essay Example The paper intends to discuss the steps that can or should be taken by the Local Authority in both the short and the long run.  In response to the case mentioned above, it is the responsibility of the Local Authority to know what the real story behind the problems is. The Local Authority should discuss the matter with both the family members to resolve the problems and advise them to a lead a healthy life. As the Barnett family is staying in a rented house, it is obligatory for the landlord to look into the matter and try to resolve the problems. An option of mediation service can be substantiated in case the issue is not resolved. Another step that can be taken by the Local Authority for resolving the issue is to take both the family members to the court. This essay discusses that  the issue of domestic violence needs to be also looked into by the Local Authority which requires to be addressed immediately for safeguarding especially the children of Barrett family The Local authority needs to make the Barrett family aware of the rules and laws prevalent for such detrimental activities to bring back a peaceful environment within the community. Understanding and trust between the members residing in a community i.e. neighbours are equally important in maintaining healthy relations.  The landlord also can play an important role in the matter and can provide his/her view regarding the behaviour of the tenant as well as the particular neighbour.... In this regard, it was decided that the Local Authority is to be informed for revealing the facts appropriately. The paper intends to discuss the steps that can or should be taken by the Local Authority in both the short and the long run. What Steps the Local Authority Can and Should Take In response to the case mentioned above, it is the responsibility of the Local Authority to know what the real story behind the problems is. The Local Authority should discuss the matter with both the family members to resolve the problems and advise them to a lead a healthy life. As the Barnett family is staying in a rented house, it is obligatory for the landlord to look into the matter and try to resolve the problems. An option of mediation service can be substantiated in case the issue is not resolved. Another step that can be taken by the Local Authority for resolving the issue is to take both the family members to the court1. In the case, it was observed that the Barrett family showed anti-soc ial behaviour towards Mrs. Smith, their neighbour, by shutting the door while she came to invite their children for a birthday party. Moreover, the issue of domestic violence needs to be also looked into by the Local Authority which requires to be addressed immediately for safeguarding especially the children of Barrett family The Local authority needs to make the Barrett family aware of the rules and laws prevalent for such detrimental activities to bring back a peaceful environment within the community. Understanding and trust between the members residing in a community i.e. neighbours are equally important in maintaining healthy relations. Moreover, the Local Authority in order to judge the matter and its possible outcomes can involve the other neighbours in the locality

Annotated Bib Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bib - Annotated Bibliography Example Study asserted that the impact of violence affected human resources, their employment, and their economic activities, thus, resulting to losses in the gross domestic products (GDP). Power fixes the outcome of political decisions. The theory of political movements illustrated that those who are able to wield power imposes to opponent the strategy that must be adopted. As such, the underpowered is compelled to comply terms or be punished. Dobbs argued that Cuban missile crisis is a case of presidential power and security management. He argued that the issue is better understood within the context of the limits of presidential power and of crisis management. Since this involved nations, it is personality-based politics is significant for negotiations. 8. Blight, J. (2004).The Cuban Missile Crisis: Considering its Place in Cold War History. Choices for the 21st Century Education Program. Watson Institute for International Studies. Brown University. pp 1-55. The world was almost unleashing nuclear war amid Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. The United States under former president John F. Kennedy discovered the weapons by the use of U-2 spy planes which created tensions between Americans, Cubans and Soviets. The document proposed recommended readings for academic studies. Good for

Past, Present and Future Document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Past, Present and Future Document - Essay Example It humbled me to realize just how rapidly our society is evolving based on the continually expanding role of technology. Without proper training, I would only be able to start a position with a company from the ground up and learn as I went. However, I wanted more than that. I wanted to be able to offer my services to an employer on the basis of my knowledge. The variety of courses offered by the University of Phoenix allowed me to obtain a extensive knowledge about a variety of topics which are key to survival, and success, in today's society. Prior to the advent of my enrollment in the University of Phoenix, my personal experience with the techniques and skills involved in problem solving, written and oral communication skills, information retrieval and utilization, and collaboration were practically nonexistent. In high school, classes touched upon these subjects, but did not fully delve into the implications of utilizing these skills in a business context. Prior to my enrollment in the University of Phoenix in the Business Science of Management program, I did not have a clear career goal in mind. I knew that I was interested in business applications and certainly wanted to be a member of a management team, but I did not have a specific industry in which to apply the skills I was eager to learn. I needed to experience various aspects of management before I could truly decide in which direction to pursue a business career. II. Growth A. Contribution of University of Phoenix courses The class, "Essentials of College Writing" was extremely helpful to me in taking the basic writing skills I'd used in high school to the next, more professional level. My management classes, as well as "Critical Thinking: Strategies in Decision Making" were essential in realizing the importance of problem solving, as well as collaboration, in practical business applications. Without learning these skills, I would never have been ready to accept a management position with a company based on my lack of prior experience. The class "Skills for Professional Development" offered me an overview of information retrieval and utilization that I have continually referred to throughout my journey while "Communicating in a Virtual Workplace" took that overview and expanded it to include relevant applications in a modern company. I have grown personally as well as in my professional competency. Through such courses as "Cultural Diversity" and "Ethics in Management" I have learned to view the world and its events in a more discerning manner and I found a personal affinity for exploring diversity and celebrating human differences. I also realized I am concerned with the rights of others and how ethics impacts some of our basic human rights. "Foundations of Research" also aided in helping me critically analyze various pieces of data which surround me in the everyday course of my life, such as news articles and political coverage. B. Courses with Greatest Impact The classes "Human Motivation" and "Organization Psychology" were both instrumental in having an impact on the direction of my

Evaluation Of Mission Statement Business Essay

Evaluation Of Mission Statement Business Essay I used the vision statement matrix and shortcomings to review the vision statement. The components included are directional, focus, feasible, desirable and easy to understand. In shortcoming analysis, there are only 2 matrix involved which are vague and not distinctive. I used the mission statement evaluation matrix to analysis the mission statement. The mission statement got the components such as products/services, market, concern for survival, growth, profitability, philosophy and concern for employees. 2.0 Introduction PepsiCo is an American multinational food and beverage corporation with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products in around 200 countries. PepsiCo offers the worlds largest portfolio of food and beverage brands included 22 different product lines. PepsiCo is the biggest rivalry of Coca-Cola in soft drink industry. I, as a business analyst in PepsiCos Corporate Strategy department, had appointed to review the PepsiCos current vision statement and mission statement. I used the vision statement matrix table and shortcoming matrix of vision statement to review the vision statement of PepsiCo while used the mission statement evaluation matrix to analysis the PepsiCo mission statement. 3.0 Analysis of vision statement Vision statement is concerning a firms future business path such as where we are going. I had used the vision statement matrix to review the PepsiCos vision statement. I used the components such as directional, focus, feasible, desirable and easy to understand to evaluate the vision statement. (refer Appendix 1) In directional component, it is about the direction of PepsiCo target in future. Through viewing the vision statement, PepsiCo wants to become the truly sustainable company by improving the aspects involved and emphasizes on environment management, CSR and commitment to shareholders. By becoming a truly sustainable company, PepsiCo will become a strong and stable company and well known globally. Market expansion will bring opportunities to PepsiCo to extend its products range and lines and thus able to get in many other industries. Besides that, become a sustainable company will get PepsiCo into a more intense competition with competitors such as Coca Cola and other competitors from other industries that PepsiCo took part. For graphic component, it is about the picture that the company that the management trying to create. Well, in the vision statement of PepsiCo, the products portfolios are not mentioned. People are hard to get the picture of what the company wanted to do. Thus, the graphic component is not appeared in the vision statement of PepsiCo. In focus component, it is about whether the vision statement of PepsiCo is specific enough for PepsiCo to focus on actions that PepsiCo want to choose. From the vision statement, PepsiCo focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society and commitment to build shareholder value to become a truly sustainable company. Thus, management of PepsiCo will make decisions based on the 3 actions that PepsiCo focused on. By completing the environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society and commitment to build shareholder value, it will make PepsiCo be environment friendly and gain good reputation with good CSR and fulfillment of commitment to shareholders. Thus, PepsiCo is able to gain the awareness of customers by good CSR and investors by good shareholder value. Well, it may bring opposite effects to PepsiCo if PepsiCo is not doing well of what it emphasizing which are stated in its vision statement. The shareholders might complain about the un-fulfillment of the comm itment to build shareholder value and public might have a bad image toward PepsiCo with poor CSR. In feasible component, it is about whether the company able to achieve the target. By viewing the vision statement, the feasible part of PepsiCo is improving all the aspects that PepsiCo operates in to create better tomorrow and thus become sustainable company. PepsiCo expected to able achieve the improvement of the aspects that PepsiCo operates. By achieve the improvement of the aspects, PepsiCo will has better control and understand of the aspects that PepsiCo involved. Thus, it is one step forward for PepsiCo to become a truly sustainable company. Well, some aspects are uncontrollable and PepsiCo has to stick in the uncontrollable aspects. In desirable component, it is about the long term interest of the stakeholders. Through the vision statement, the desirable part of the PepsiCos vision is commitment to build shareholder value. PepsiCo promise the shareholders benefits in order to gain full supports of the shareholders. Thus, the internal of company will become more united. Contribution of shareholders are become more significant such as introduce the investors and partners. By the way, it may be create barriers among the shareholders if the distribution of value is not equal. In easy to understand component, it is about ease to understand and communicate of the vision statement. By viewing the vision statement, PepsiCos vision statement is a bit lengthy but in clear English. The vision statement has 2 long sentences of stating what PepsiCo set for future vision. The vision statement is in clear and simple English but it is better to make it shorter and simpler. 3.1 Shortcoming of vision statement (refer Appendix 2) Vague mean that the vision statement is short of specifics about the company. The vision statement of PepsiCo is a little vague. It is because there are few options of actions in the vision statement and not sure which actions that PepsiCo want to follow. People will feel a bit confuse with the vision statement and will worry that whether PepsiCo is able to fulfill the actions in the vision statement. Next, the vision statement of PepsiCo is not distinctive. There are many actions in the vision statement for PepsiCo to go on and not specific enough. Besides that, the vision statement is too normal and can be any company using the same vision statement. There are only 2 shortcomings for PepsiCo vision statement and the other 3 shortcoming matrices are not related to the PepsiCo vision statement which are not forward looking, rely on superlatives and bland. Not forward looking mean the vision statement is not concern about the future. Well, PepsiCos vision statement is forward looking because in the vision statement, PepsiCo is concerning about the future with wanting to create better tomorrow by improving the aspects that PepsiCo involved. Rely on superlatives mean that the vision statement is set to be the most successful position. PepsiCos vision statement is not relying on superlatives because it didnt mention that PepsiCo want to be the top company but only want to create a better tomorrow and become a truly sustainable company. Bland is the lacking of motivational power of the vision statement. PepsiCo is making commitment to build shareholder value in the vision statement. The commitment will motivate the shareholders to fully support the company. 3.2 Recommendations Since there are few options in the vision statement and make the vision vague, I recommend that the vision statement should become directly to points which mean that PepsiCo should combine all the options of actions into 1 sentence. This will make people know that what PepsiCo want to do and goes on when they read the vision statement. Next, the vision statement is not distinctive to let people differentiate itself from other companys vision. PepsiCos vision statement is too broad and any company can use the same vision as PepsiCo. Thus, I recommend that PepsiCo simplify its vision statement and make the vision statement short and memorable for people. Based on the recommendations above, the old vision statement of PepsiCo is vague and not distinctive. Thus, I had modified the old vision statement based on the recommendations to enhance the old vision statement. The new vision statement of PepsiCo is as below: PepsiCo aims to keep improving all aspects that we operate and focus on environmental management, CSR and commitment to shareholders to create a truly sustainable company. 4.0 Evaluation of mission statement Mission statement is focused in current business activities such as who we are and what we do. A company mission is not to make a profit but what we will do to make a profit. Making profit is only an objective. (refer Appendix 3) I used the mission statement evaluation matrix to review the PepsiCos mission statement. From reviewing the PepsiCos mission statement, there are components such as products/services, markets, concern for survival, growth and profitability, philosophy, concern for public image and concern for employees can be seek from the mission statement. By the way, the customers, technology and self-concept are not exist and absent from the mission statement. Products/services component is about what the company offered. From reviewing the mission statement, PepsiCo is offering the convenient foods and beverages such as snack foods, soft drinks and etc. Well, this component can be enhanced by expanding the products portfolio. PepsiCo can try to get into more foods and beverages industries other than its already owned products such as instant noodles and perhaps alcoholic drinks and etc. The strong brand name of PepsiCo will make the new products adapt easier by customers and to successful. Market component is about what the market that the company is targeting and occupying. From the mission statement, PepsiCo want to serve the global market. PepsiCo is a well known company around the world and PepsiCo is now serving the world market as well. Thus, I would like to recommend PepsiCo to put efforts in penetrate into deeper demographic markets. For example, PepsiCo can cooperate with the vendor companies and put its drinks in the vendor machines in even smaller places such as schools, colleges, some grocery shops and etc. For concern for survival, growth, profitability component, it is about how the company concern about its survival in the industry, growth and profitability of itself. By reviewing the mission statement, PepsiCo provide financial rewards to investors and also chances of growth and enrichment of the employees and business partners. PepsiCo build good relationship with investors to guarantee the sources of capital for survival and grow. The enriched employees with skills are significant for the company to survive, grow and gain profits. The upgrade of business partners of PepsiCo also vital to earn profits. Thus, I recommend that PepsiCo could build a really stable and strong relationship with the investors, enriched employees and business partners. Hence, keeping the talented and skillful employees in the company and strong business partners are a very important step for PepsiCo to survive, grow and earn profit in the industry. The philosophy component is about what the company always strive to do. From the mission statement, PepsiCo strive for honesty, fairness and integrity in everything. PepsiCo would like to care for customers, consumers and the world. PepsiCo put the customers at the first place before anything. The concern for public image component is about whether the company is concerning about the public image. Through the mission statement, PepsiCo is concerning its public image by providing the opportunity for its business partners and communities to grow and upgrade. PepsiCo become environmental friendly and implement the CSR to gain the reputation. Concern for employees is about how the company cares about its employees. From mission statement, PepsiCo provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to employees. Well, PepsiCo can build good relationship with the employees and bring the sense of belonging toward company to them. By here, I recommend that PepsiCo to add in the 3 missing components which are customers, technology and self-concept to enhance the mission statement. Customers component is about the target market that the company served. PepsiCo can improve the mission by stating that it will serve the global customers of all ages since PepsiCo is serving the world market. For technology component, it is about the technology of the company adopt and using. This component is absent in the PepsiCos mission statement. By the way, PepsiCo can add in the component by stating easier delivery of products to customers with the advance technology and thus save cost and time. For self-concept component, it is about the self concept that the company hold as concept. This is missing from the PepsiCo current mission statement too. The self-concept of PepsiCo can be add in is delivering sustained growth through empowered people acting responsibly and building trust. By the new descriptions added in, I would like to suggest few modifications to the current mission statement. Our mission is to be global premier consumer products company serving the global market with customers of all ages focused on wide product lines of foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide chances for enrichment to our employees, business partners and the communities in which we operate. The technology makes us easier to reach customers. And we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity in everything we do. 5.0 Conclusion As a business analyst of PepsiCo, I had reviewed the vision statement and mission statement of PepsiCo with the analysis and evaluate matrix. Thus, I had recommended few enhancements and modifications to the current vision statement and mission statement. With the enhanced vision statement and mission statement, it is easier to read and understand by people. Hence, with a clear and simple vision statement and mission statement, PepsiCo can create a better future and become a truly sustainable company.

Research Critique of Study on Newborn Temperature Regulation Essay

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors (Chiu, Anderson, & Burkhammer, 2005) of the article present all the essential components of the research study. There will be a decrease in temperature in the newborn if having difficulties breastfeeding while having skin-to-skin contact with the mother. That was the inferred hypothesis. The method used to gather the information was a pretest-test-posttest study design and the sample consisted of 48 full-term infants. The key findings showed most infants reached and maintained temperatures between 36.5 and 37.6 degrees Celsius, the thermo neutral range, with only rare exceptions. Problem Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The research problem is thermoregulation in newborn infants. The purpose of the research study is to find out if Kangaroo, or skin-to-skin contact, facilitates safe temperatures in newborn infants during the first few minutes and hours after birth, specifically during breastfeeding. In this article the problem statement is written clearly and it expresses a relationship between two or more variables, specifically temperature and skin-to-skin contact. In this study the problem statement is testable and states a specific population being studied (full-term newborns). The significance to nursing is apparent in the problem statement. It is important for newborns to maintain a body temperature within a normal range so that â€Å"caloric expenditure and oxygen consumption are minimal. If excessive effort is needed to produce heat when cold stress persists, newborn infants may experience adverse metabolic events such as hypoxemia, acidosis, and hypoglycemia† (Chiu et al., 2005. p. 115 as cited in Kenner, 2003). Literature Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The literature review is comprehensive and makes explicit the relationship among the variables and discusses the relevant concepts. All sources are relevant to the study topic and are critically appraised. Both classic and current sources are included ranging in date from 1977 to 2004. Most sources are primary sources but only supporting research is presented. Chiu et al states that one gap in knowledge about the problem identified is that â€Å"temperature has not been reported in studies of skin-to-skin contact with a focus on the breastfeeding process.† This study intends to fill the gaps by studying mothers and newborns that are having tro... ...sing Practice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The temperature results provide solid evidence that this study is valid. According to Chiu et al (2005), â€Å"When mother-infant couples breastfeed skin-to-skin using a safe technique, concern for hypothermia is unfounded† (p. 120). Patients benefit from the research findings because, â€Å"healthy full-term infants, with or without breastfeeding difficulties, could safely breastfeed in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers† (Chiu et al., 2005. p.120). Direct application of the research findings is feasible in terms of time, money, and legal/ethical risks. These findings indicate that nurses no longer need to worry that infants will become cold during skin-to-skin contact especially during breastfeeding. The results of this study should be applied to nursing practice because skin-to-skin contact facilitates a bond between mother and baby and because it helps regulate baby’s temperature. References Chiu, S., Anderson, G.C., & Burkhammer, M.D. (2005). Newborn Temperature During   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skin-to-Skin Breastfeeding in Couples Having Breastfeeding Difficulties. BIRTH,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  32(2), p 115-121.

What Makes a Good Parent

To my mind, the right answer to the question â€Å"What makes a good parent† is not easily obtainable. You should spend a lot of time in contemplation before reaching to it. And still there is no guarantee that finally you will get it. Since many people have different opinions on raising a child there may be thousands absolutely different answers to one and the same question, a rather tricky one, I would say. To tell you the truth, after I asked myself the same question, several things went through my mind. What kind of parent will I be?How will I raise a child? Can I be a good parent? What turns ordinary people into good parents? Panic overtook me and I felt an overwhelming desire to rush to the local bookstore to purchase loads of parenting books and magazines to learn how to become a good parent or call to my mom. But, after thorough thinking I looked at the problem with fresh mind. First of all it’s quite normal to wonder how good a parent you are. Perhaps you're wo rried that going out to work or being a lone parent will affect your child (if the situation is such).You may worry about whether you're being firm enough, or whether you're giving your children what they need. We all hope to get it right and give a good balance of loving care and clear boundaries. Secondly, people are not born with good parenting skills; Parenting is a skill that is learned over a period of time. A good parent learns from their environment and passes what they have learned down to their children. Thirdly, a good parent is a person who is patient, kind, considerate, understanding, and helpful, a good listener, and a disciplinarian at the proper times.Wisdom and patience are always helpful, too. Sometimes all you need to do is listen, while at other times you might have to step in and take action. And moreover, parents have their special healing powers – a kiss and calm words can soothe cuts, bruises and disappointments, (this very point I remember from my own experience, while being a child). Parenting is a twenty-four hour a day job. Anyone who has been there will tell you that it can be absolutely chaotic at times. This is when your good parenting skills are developed to their fullest potential.Being a parent means creating a loving, safe environment for your children as they grow from baby to toddler, right through to the teenage years. You'll need different skills for each stage, but at all times your child will depend on you. You'll become the expert on your child and on what they need to grow into happy, healthy adults. Loving your child, with no strings attached, is the most important thing you can do. But you'll also have to make a huge number of decisions about the best way to bring up your child. This responsibility brings joy and excitement, but it can also be overwhelming, frustrating or even boring at times.Most people manage these emotional and practical challenges with a mixture of love, help from relatives and friends, g ood advice, common sense and just luck. To my personal viewpoint, the first step in becoming a good parent is to realize that you are not perfect. No one is. You are going to make mistakes, some big, some small. The important thing is to realize what the mistake is and not repeat it. There's no one right way to parent and no perfect parent out there with all the answers. We all make mistakes. We all make bad decisions. There are times that we want to be selfish and put ourselves before our children.The sign of a good parent is one that chooses to make their decisions with their children involved. True, there are some guiding ideas – all children need love and affection, to be kept safe and given limits on how they act, to be warm, fed, clothed and to have the opportunity to learn. To tell you the truth the best resource for successful child rearing is our own parents. For example, we should ask ourselves these questions; †¢ How did my parent raise me? †¢ Do I have g ood morals and values? †¢ Did I have a happy childhood? †¢ What method of discipline was used? †¢ How attentive were my parents?These are very important questions, and when we answer these questions, one or more of the answers may be negative. However, this is where common sense takes over. There will be things about the way we were raised that we liked and disliked. The areas that we did not like about the way we were raised can be turned around when we raise our own children. This is how, I think, we can develop into a good parent. Right now I would like to give some tips on how to become a good, loving parent. To tell you the truth, I am a little bit afraid to sound superficial, as I am not a parent yet. But, from another ide, I had enough experience of being a child. So, now when I am in my early twenties I can evaluate the way I was brought up by my parents. It is true, the older we are – the more we can understand our parents. Well, let’s pass on t o the tips: †¢ Recognize your child for the individual that they are. No two children are alike, and even though they may resemble you, they are not you. You may have a child that loves sports and one that can’t stand to be outdoors. We should consider the individuality of each child as a blessing and pursue ways to expand on that. †¢ Discipline your child.That is not to say that you have to spank your child or beat them unmercifully. Choose the method that works best for your child. You are the adult in your relationship and should be the master manipulator. †¢ Be involved in the schooling. Ask questions regarding how your child is performing and interacting with other students. Make sure that you are checking homework, but not doing it for the child. Ask your child questions about his/her day and find out what he likes and dislikes about his learning experience. †¢ Celebrate the small things in a positive way. A good parent: Shows a child consistent and loving discipline.Is supportive, excited and interested in what the child is doing (and wants to do). Allows a child to dream big dreams Teaches a child how to communicate in constructive, loving ways. Teaches a child how to deal with fear. Knows that the child's safety and well-being comes first. Does hard things if it will help the family. Is willing to learn from others — including the child. Knows when to let a child become an adult. Doesn't ever stop trying to become a better parent. It goes without saying, being a good parent is a hard demanding task, but at the same time so interesting and fascinating.Being a parent means passing all the stages of your child formation, such as the early hours of the morning when small children are refusing to sleep or teenagers are still out having fun. And what is more, at all these stages you must possess different skills and be an expert for your child; that is where high tolerance and endless patience are needed. The message I want to put across to the reader is that a loving, safe environment for our children as they grow from baby to toddler, right through to the teenage years is the best tool in upbringing a complete individual with his own self.The love of a family is life's greatest blessing. A great responsibility lies on parents, as it is they who are guarantors of protection, positive emotions and safety. Being a parent will probably be the most rewarding thing you'll ever do – and the toughest responsibility. The joy of holding your newborn baby as he or she looks at the world for the first time can be magical. To my mind, having a child opens you up to emotions that are almost impossible to imagine in advance. And one more thing we should remember for ever, when we feel confident and positive, our children are more likely to feel that way, too.

Guestimate The line and the angle Essay Example

Guestimate The line and the angle Essay Example Guestimate The line and the angle Essay Guestimate The line and the angle Essay Essay Topic: The Guest 1- I predict that if people are good at guessing the length of a line they will be good at guessing the degrees of an angle. 2- I predict that the higher the schooling year the better the estimate. Target population I have decided to investigate within the schooling ages of 7 and 9 firstly because these are easily available to collect due to having timetables and knowing where all the students will be when needed to guestimate. Another reason for picking students between these ages is that it is a big enough variety to draw conclusions from, and decide whether the amount of school really does improve the ability to guess the size of a line or angle. I will not be asking every year group as this will take up too much time and will not be necessary. I will be asking years 7, 9 and 11 this gives a big enough range of the amount of school experienced without asking every year. : Study Population I have chosen to get a list of the students in years 7, 9 and 11 and then ask every fourth person on the list this will the give a quarter of each year being asked which is enough to draw conclusions from. I am not going to ask everyone in the three selected years because this would take to long and it is not compulsory to get the information I need. Aims I will prove my hypothesis true or false by asking the selected people to guess the length of a line or size of an angle and then find the mean median mode for each year and draw graphs. I will also draw a graph relating their guess of the size of an angle to their guess of the length of a line. To gain fairly accurate results we will not let the pupils take the sheets away whilst guessing we will stay with them so there is no chance of using a rule or protractor. Possible things that may go wrong is that after we have asked one person they may go back and explain to the other people their opinion of the sizes that may give bias results to prevent this we will not tell them the actual answer. Results Year 7 Estimate of line Estimate (cms) 2 4? 4 6 ? 6 8 ? 8 10 ? 10 12 ? 12 14 ? 14 16 ? 16 18 ? 18 20 ? Totals Frequency 17 15 6 5 1 2 46 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 51 75 42 45 11 0 0 0 38 262 Mean = 262/46 = 5.70 Modal group = 2 4? Median is approximately 5cms Estimate (?) 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 3 10 12 12 1 1 2 4 1 46 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 45 250 420 540 55 65 150 340 95 1960 Range = 2-20 = 18 Estimate of angle Mean = 1960/46 = 42.61 Modal group = 30 50? Median is approximately 38? Range = 10-100 = 90 Year 9 Estimate of line Estimate 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 Totals Frequency 6 23 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 40 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 18 115 42 45 0 0 0 0 0 220 Mean = 220/40 = 5.50 Modal group = 4 6? Median is approximately 5cms Range = 2 10 =8 Estimate of angle Estimate 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 0 3 10 23 1 1 0 0 2 40 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 0 75 350 1035 55 65 0 0 190 1770 Mean = 1770/40 = 44.25 Modal group = 40 50? Median is approximately 43? Range = 20 100 =80 Year 11 Estimate of line Estimate 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 Totals Frequency 3 29 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 9 145 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 Mean = 168/34 = 4.94 Modal group = 4 6? Median is approximately 4.5cms Range = 2-8 = 6 Estimate of angle Estimate 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 0 6 11 16 1 0 0 0 0 34 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 0 150 385 720 55 0 0 0 0 1310 Mean = 1310/34 = 38.53 Modal group = 40 50? Median is approximately 40? Range = 20 60 = 40 To find if my first hypothesis is true I will draw a scatter graph of all the estimates of year 7. 9 and 11 students. I will have boundaries on the graph, from 3 6cms this will be classed as a good estimate of the line, 30 45? this will be a good estimate of the angle. I will shade these areas to investigate if students who are good at estimating the line are good at estimating the angle. I drew Cumulative frequency graphs of the results above this will show how consistent the estimates were. I will see how close to the actual the median is, and the smaller the inter-quartile range the more consistent the estimates will be. If my second hypothesis is correct the inter-quartile range should be larger for year 7 students and should be slightly smaller for year 9 students but year 11 students should have the smallest inter-quartile range. Under the cumulative frequency graphs I will draw box and whisker charts these will give a better picture of the size of the upper and lower quartiles of the graph and will show more how consistent the estimates were. Standard deviation Year 7 line 3.54cm Year 9 line 1.72cm Year 11 line 0.71cm Year 7 angle 16.40? Year 9 angle 13.85? Year 11 angle 8.00? This proves my hypothesis correct that the higher the academic year the better the estimate. With standard deviation the closer to 1 the result is the less spread out the results and the more consistent they are, showing a more educated estimates in the higher years. The higher the year in both angle and line the standard deviation becomes closer to 1. Whilst investigating my first two hypothesis 1: I predict that if people are good at guessing the length of a line they will be good at guessing the degrees of an angle. 2: I predict that the higher the year the better the estimate. I noticed a difference in the results from different sets so I have prepared a new hypothesis 3: I predict that the higher the set the better the estimate of the length of a line and the degrees of an angle. To investigate this hypothesis I will work out the Mean median mode and range for set 1, 3 and 5 students in years 7, 9 and 11 I will then compare and draw conclusions from this information Set 1 Estimate of the line Estimate 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 Totals Frequency 5 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 15 45 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 Mean = 4.76 Modal group = 4 6? Median is approximately 4.5 Range =2 8 Estimate of angle Estimate 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 1 4 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 17 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 15 100 105 405 0 0 0 0 0 625 Mean = 36.76 Modal group = 40 50? Median is approximately 40? Range = 10 50? Set 3 Estimate of line Estimate 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 Totals Frequency 0 13 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 19 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 0 65 28 9 11 0 0 0 0 113 Mean = 5.95 Modal group = 2 4? Median is approximately 5.5 Range = 4 12 Estimate of angle Estimate 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 0 3 4 10 1 0 0 1 0 19 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 0 75 140 450 55 0 0 85 0 805 Mean = 42.37 Modal group = 40 50? Median is approximately 43? Range = 20 90? Set 5 Estimate of line Estimate 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 Totals Frequency 5 7 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 18 Mid-interval value 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Frequency x mid-interval value 15 35 0 54 0 0 0 0 0 104 Mean = 5.78 Modal group = 4 6? Median is approximately 5cm Range = 2 10cm Estimate of an angle Estimate 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Totals Frequency 0 4 3 8 0 0 1 1 1 18 Mid-interval value 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency x mid-interval value 0 100 105 360 0 0 75 85 95 820 Mean = 45.56 Modal group = 40 50? Median is approximately 42? Range = 20 100? Conclusion Hypothesis 1 = I predict that if people are good at guessing the length of a line they will be good at guessing the degrees of an angle. Scatter graph from the scatter graph I found out that my hypothesis was nearly always correct I had 9 points of year 7 students that were good at estimating the line but not at estimating the angle (green area) so this proved my hypothesis wrong. 7 points on the graph were year 7 students that were good at estimating the angle but not the line (yellow area) this also proved my hypothesis wrong. There were 13 points in the pencil shaded area this meant that they were good at estimating the line and the angle. There were 5 points of year 7 students that were neither good at estimating the line or at estimating the angle this proved my hypothesis was right. 9 + 7 =16 this is how many points made my hypothesis wrong. 13 + 5 = 18 this is how many points of the year 7 estimate proved my hypothesis was correct. 52% of the year 7 points proved my hypothesis correct. Of the year 9 students there were no points on the graph that showed they were better at estimating the line than the angle. Although there were 4 points on the graph that showed year 9 students were better at estimating the angle than the line (yellow area). 16 points on the graph were that year 9 students estimated the line and the angle well (pencil shaded area). 6 points on the graph showed that they were neither good at estimating the line or the angle. 4 points proved hypothesis wrong. 16 + 6 = 22 this is how many points proved my hypothesis was correct. 81% of the points of year 9 students proved my hypothesis correct. Of the year 11 students there were 6 points on the graph that showed year 11 students were better at estimating the line than the angle (yellow shaded area). This proved my hypothesis wrong. There were no points in the yellow shaded area showing that they could estimate the angle better than the line. 2 points on the graph were neither good at estimating the line or the angle, although there were 17 points that were good at both hypothesis and line this proved my hypothesis correct. 6 points proved wrong, 2 + 17 = 19 proved hypothesis correct. 76% of the points on the graph proved my hypothesis correct Overall 76% + 81% + 52% = 209%/3 = 70% proved my hypothesis correct. I found out that year 9 students were better at estimating the angle that the line as there were no points that showed they were better at estimating the line. I found out that year 11 students were better at estimating the line as there were no points showing that they were better at estimating the angle. 5 points in year 7 were neither good at estimating the line or the angle, 6 points were good at neither in year 9 and 2 point6s were good at neither in year 11 this backs up my hypothesis that The higher the year the better the estimate. These results are not reliable because there were not even numbers of year 7,9 and 11 pupils and the points on the scatter graph may have been swayed if 2 or more members of the same year had guessed the same point because it was only marked once. Second hypothesis I predict that the higher the year the better the estimate. Cumulative frequency graphs Year 7 angle On the graph the median was 40? this was very close to the actual result although on the graph the inter-quartile range was 17.5? this shows the estimates were not very consistent you can see this better on the box and whisker chart underneath the boxes are fairly big. Year 7 line On the graph the median is 4.5 this is what the actual answer was although on the graph the inter-quartile range was 4.4cm this shows the estimates were not very constant. The boxes of the box and whisker chart are large. Year 9 line The median is 37.5 this is very close to the actual answer, the inter-quartile range is 15? this shows that the estimates are more consistent than the year 7 estimates this backs up my hypothesis the higher the year the better the estimate. Year 9 angle The median on this graph is 4.75cm this is very close to the actual but not as close as year 7 estimates as that was exactly on 4.5cm this proves my hypothesis wrong. The inter-quartile range was 3cm this is smaller that on the year 7 cumulative frequency graph, the boxes on the box and whisker chart are smaller than on the year 7 graph this shows that the estimates were more consistent which proves my hypothesis correct. Year 11 line The median is 40? this is the same as year 7 median but not as close as the year 9 median so this proves my hypothesis wrong. The inter-quartile range is 11.25? this is smaller than all the other inter-quartile ranges which proves my hypothesis is correct. Year 11 angle The median is 4.75cm this is the same as year 9 but not close as year 7 this proves my hypothesis wrong this may be because the estimates were very consistent but just scattered closely around the actual result. The inter-quartile range is 1cm this is very consistent and proves that my hypothesis was correct. The boxes on the box and whisker chart were very closer together by looking at this you can see how consistent the estimates were. I predict that the higher the year the better the estimate. I investigated the means of years 7,9 and 11s estimates of the line and angle Year of mean Mean of line (cm) Mean of angle (?) 7 5.70 42.61 9 5.50 44.25 11 4.94 38.53 The actual size of the line was 4.5cm so as the higher the year the better the estimate of the line this proves my hypothesis. The actual size of the angle was 38? so Year 11 students were better at estimating the angle although the year 7 mean was better than the year9 mean this proves my hypothesis wrong this may have been because we did not use a large enough sample, or because the mean was found from a frequency table which is only an estimate because we dont actually know the exact values of all the estimates from this. I also investigated the modal group to see if most the estimates were made in the correct group. Year Modal group (line) Modal group (angle) 7 2 4? 30 40? and 40 50? 9 4 6? 40 50? 11 4 6? 40 50? Year 7 was the only year that the modal group of the line that actually contained the correct answer. I found two modal groups for year 7 one of them contained the correct answer and years 9 and 11 modal groups both contained the correct answer this did not prove my hypothesis. I investigated the median to see if it got closer to the correct number the higher the year. Year Median (line) Median (angle) 7 5 38 9 5 43 11 4.5 40 Year 7 estimated the median exactly correct for the angle. The estimate of the line got better the higher the year although year 7 and 9 were the same. I investigated the range to see if the estimates became any more consistent as the year got higher. Year Range (line) Range (angle) 7 18 90 9 8 80 11 6 40 The consistency did become better as the year got higher This proves that my hypothesis was correct The higher the year the better the estimate. Not all these tables prove my hypothesis correct especially year 9 proved it wrong this may have been because we might of asked a lot of lower set year 9s due to systematic sampling so I will investigate the effect of the set on the estimate. I investigated the means of sets 1,3 and 5 estimates of the line and angle Set of mean Mean of line (cm) Mean of angle (?) 1 4.76 36.76 3 5.95 42.37 5 5.78 45.56 Set 1 is the best set and set 5 is the worst out of the three sets we have investigated. The actual size of the line was 4.5cm so as the better the set the better the estimate of the line apart from set 5 has a better mean than set 3 this proves my hypothesis wrong. The actual size of the angle was 38? so The higher the set the better the estimate this proves my hypothesis correct. I also investigated the modal group to see if most the estimates were made in the correct group. Set Modal group (line) Modal group (angle) 1 ;4 6? ;40 50? 3 ;2 4? ;40 50? 5 ;4 6? ;40 50? Set 1 and set 5 had the correct modal group but set 3 had the modal group too low. All the sets had the modal group for the angle too high as the correct answer would have been ;30 40? this has no effect on my hypothesis. I investigated the median to see if it got closer to the correct number the higher the year. Set Median (line) Median (angle) 1 4.5 40 3 5.5 43 5 5 42 Set one median of the line was exactly correct this helps prove my hypothesis correct. Set 5 median of the line was closer to the actual than set 3 I have found that set 5 are better at estimating the line than set 3. Again set 1 was closer to the actual but then set 5 was second best with set three being the worst. I investigated the range to see if the estimates became any more consistent as the year got higher. Set Range (line) Range (angle) 1 6 40 3 8 70 5 8 80 The range was smallest for set one this proves that my hypothesis was correct because the estimates were more consistent. The range of the angle proves my hypothesis was correct, as it is smaller for set 3 than it is for set 5. The range of the line for set 3 and 5 are the same this does not prove that my hypothesis was correct or wrong. I found out that set 5 students were better at estimating the line than set 3 students other than that my hypothesis was correct.

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